The conducting of business communication and transactions over networks and through computers. As most restrictively defined, electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services, and the transfer of funds, through digital communications. However EC also includes all inter-company and intra-company functions (such as marketing, finance, manufacturing, selling, and negotiation) that enable commerce and use electronic mail, EDI, file transfer, fax, video conferencing, workflow, or interaction with a remote computer.

Selling goods, in the traditional sense, is possible to do electronically because of certain software programs that run the main functions of an e-commerce Web site, including product display, online ordering, and inventory management. The software resides on a commerce server and works in conjunction with online payment systems to process payments. Since these servers and data lines make up the backbone of the Internet, in a broad sense, e-commerce means doing business over interconnected networks.

The definition of e-commerce includes business activities that are business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), extended enterprise computing (also known as "newly emerging value chains"), d-commerce, and m-commerce. E-commerce is a major factor in the U.S. economy because it assists companies with many levels of current business transactions, as well as creating new online business opportunities that are global in nature.

Here are a few examples of e-commerce:

• accepting credit cards for commercial online sales
• generating online advertising revenue
• trading stock in an online brokerage account
• driving information through a company via its intranet
• driving manufacturing and distribution through a value chain with partners on an extranet
• selling to consumers on a pay-per-download basis, through a Web site

In the public sector, e-commerce is a hot topic and a complex issue, especially concerning privacy rights and fraud. In private business, B2B e-commerce is projected by Internet analysts to be the biggest sector on the Web. Even though the Nasdaq crash of April 14, 2000, had a negative impact on much of the industry, e-commerce, because of its nature and the robustness of the Net, is here to stay.